set 4 of medical anatomy mnemonics series .These are collected from various offline and online sources including text books.If you know any other anatomy mnemonics please share via comments.
4th set
Horner's syndrome: components "HORNy PAM"
� Horner's is:
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
� Extra details with HORNY PAMELa:
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of ciliospinal reflex
� Horner's is:
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
� Extra details with HORNY PAMELa:
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of ciliospinal reflex
Mediastinums: posterior mediastinum structures There are 4
birds:
The esophaGOOSE (esophagus)
The vaGOOSE nerve
The azyGOOSE vein
The thoracic DUCK (duct)
Thigh: innervation by compartment "MAP OF Sciatic":
Medial compartment: Obturator
Anterior compartment: Femoral
Posterior compartment: Sciatic
� So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.
Medial compartment: Obturator
Anterior compartment: Femoral
Posterior compartment: Sciatic
� So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.
Femoral artery deep branches "Put My Leg
Down Please":
Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery)
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Descending genicular arteries
Perforating arteries
Down Please":
Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery)
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Descending genicular arteries
Perforating arteries
Carpal bones (multangular names) "Never Lower
Tillie's Pants. Mother May Come Home.":
Navicular
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
greater Multangular (trapezium)
lesser Multangular (trapezoid)
Capitate
Hamate
Tillie's Pants. Mother May Come Home.":
Navicular
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
greater Multangular (trapezium)
lesser Multangular (trapezoid)
Capitate
Hamate
External carotid artery branches "Suzy Always
Lays Flat On Pillows Making Sex Terrific":
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superificial Temporal
Lays Flat On Pillows Making Sex Terrific":
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superificial Temporal
Coelic trunk: branches Left Hand Side (LHS):
Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Biceps brachii muscle: origins "You walk shorter to a
street corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.":
� Short head originates from coracoid process.
� Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity.
street corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.":
� Short head originates from coracoid process.
� Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity.
Heart valve sequence "Try Pulling My Aorta":
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral
Aorta
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral
Aorta
Bell's palsy: symptoms BELL'S Palsy:
Blink reflex abnormal
Earache
Lacrimation [deficient, excess]
Loss of taste
Sudden onset
Palsy of VII nerve muscles
� All symptoms are unilateral.
Blink reflex abnormal
Earache
Lacrimation [deficient, excess]
Loss of taste
Sudden onset
Palsy of VII nerve muscles
� All symptoms are unilateral.
Superior mediastinum: contents PVT Left BATTLE:
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Thoracic duct
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right)
Brachiocephalic veins
Aortic arch (and its 3 branches)
Thymus
Trachea
Lymph nodes
Esophagus
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Thoracic duct
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right)
Brachiocephalic veins
Aortic arch (and its 3 branches)
Thymus
Trachea
Lymph nodes
Esophagus
Inguinal canal: walls "MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L,
2T":
� Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:
Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles:
� internal oblique Muscle
� transverse abdominus Muscle
Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:
� Aponeurosis of external oblique
� Aponeurosis of internal oblique
Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments:
� inguinal Ligament
� lacunar Ligament
Posterior wall: 2Ts:
� Transversalis fascia
� conjoint Tendon
2T":
� Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior:
Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles:
� internal oblique Muscle
� transverse abdominus Muscle
Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:
� Aponeurosis of external oblique
� Aponeurosis of internal oblique
Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments:
� inguinal Ligament
� lacunar Ligament
Posterior wall: 2Ts:
� Transversalis fascia
� conjoint Tendon
Scalp: nerve supply GLASS:
Greater occipital/ Greater auricular
Lesser occipital
Auriculotemporal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Greater occipital/ Greater auricular
Lesser occipital
Auriculotemporal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Tarsal bones "Tall Californian Navy
Medcial Interns Lay Cuties":
� In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral):
Talus
Calcanous
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneifrom
Cuboid
Medcial Interns Lay Cuties":
� In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral):
Talus
Calcanous
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneifrom
Cuboid
Eye rotation by oblique muscles "I Love S&M":
Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation.
Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation.
Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation.
Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation.
External carotid artery branches "She Lay Flaccid
As Olaf's Penis Slipped In":
� From caudal to cephalad:
Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Ascending pharyngeal
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
(Internal) maxillary
As Olaf's Penis Slipped In":
� From caudal to cephalad:
Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Ascending pharyngeal
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
(Internal) maxillary
Brachial artery is medial to biceps tendon "BAMBI":
Brachial Artery is Medial to Biceps In elbow.
Brachial Artery is Medial to Biceps In elbow.
Retroperitoneal organs (major) "AC/DC Rocker
Kids Party Down":
Ascending Colon
Descending Colon
Rectum
Kidneys
Pancreas
Duodenum
Kids Party Down":
Ascending Colon
Descending Colon
Rectum
Kidneys
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ossification ages "Every Potential Anatomist
Should Know When"
� When they ossify, in order of increasing year:
Elbow: 16 years
Pelvis, Ankle: 17 years
Shoulder, Knee: 18 years
Wrist: 19 years
Should Know When"
� When they ossify, in order of increasing year:
Elbow: 16 years
Pelvis, Ankle: 17 years
Shoulder, Knee: 18 years
Wrist: 19 years
Foramen ovale contents OVALE:
Otic ganglion (just inferior)
V3 cranial nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve
Emissary veins
Otic ganglion (just inferior)
V3 cranial nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve
Emissary veins
Carpal bones "Sally Lowers Tim's Pants,
Then Things Can Happen":
� Proximal row lateral to medial:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
� Distal row, lateral to medial:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capate
Hamate
Then Things Can Happen":
� Proximal row lateral to medial:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
� Distal row, lateral to medial:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capate
Hamate
Thoracoacromial trunk: branches "Cadavers Are
Dead People":
Clavicular
Acromial
Deltoid
Pectoral
Dead People":
Clavicular
Acromial
Deltoid
Pectoral
Pes anserinus: component tendons "Some God*amned
Tendon":
� From medial to lateral:
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Tendon":
� From medial to lateral:
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Carpal bones "Simply Learn The Parts
That The Carpus Has":
Proximal row first, then distal row:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capate
Hamate
That The Carpus Has":
Proximal row first, then distal row:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capate
Hamate
Course of Ureters
Water runs under the bridge
Uterine artery is the "water," Ureter is "the bridge." In men, it would be the Ductus deferens instead of uterine artery.
Uterine artery is the "water," Ureter is "the bridge." In men, it would be the Ductus deferens instead of uterine artery.
???
Cranial Bones
"Old Pygmies From Tuvalu Eat Skulls"
Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal Ethmoid Sphenoid
Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal Ethmoid Sphenoid
???
Cranial Nerves
"On Old Olympus' towering tops, a fat-ass German vaults and hops"
-Olfactory
-Optic
-Oculomotor
-Trochlear
-Trigeminal
-Abucens
-Facial
-Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)
-Glossopharyngeal
-Vagus
-Accessory
-Hypoglossal
-Olfactory
-Optic
-Oculomotor
-Trochlear
-Trigeminal
-Abucens
-Facial
-Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)
-Glossopharyngeal
-Vagus
-Accessory
-Hypoglossal
???
Cubital Fossa Contents (Medial to Lateral)
"My Bottoms Turned Red"
-Median nerve
-Brachial artery
-Tendon of biceps
-Radial nerve
-Median nerve
-Brachial artery
-Tendon of biceps
-Radial nerve
???
Dorsiflexors of Foot
"FEET"
-Fibularis tertius (Peroneous)
-Extensor hallicus longs
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Tibialis anterior
-Fibularis tertius (Peroneous)
-Extensor hallicus longs
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Tibialis anterior
???
Erection, Emission, Ejaculation
"Point, Shoot, Score!"
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Somatomotor
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Somatomotor
Tibia vs. fibula: sizes The Fibula is thin like a
Flute.
The Tibia is thick like a Tuba.
Flute.
The Tibia is thick like a Tuba.
Subclavian artery branches "Very Tired Individuals
Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily":
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
---Inferior thyroid
---Superficial cervical
---Suprascapular
Costocervical
---Superior intercostal
---Deep cervical
Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily":
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
---Inferior thyroid
---Superficial cervical
---Suprascapular
Costocervical
---Superior intercostal
---Deep cervical
Internal pudendal branches "I Pee Pee
But Don't Dump!":
Inferior rectal
Posterior scrotal (or labial)
Perineal
Bulb
Deep artery
Dorsal artery
But Don't Dump!":
Inferior rectal
Posterior scrotal (or labial)
Perineal
Bulb
Deep artery
Dorsal artery
Horner's syndrome: components PAM:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Erector spinae muscles: order Spinalis is on the
spine (most medial).
Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral).
And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs!
spine (most medial).
Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral).
And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs!
Hand fractures: Colle's vs. Smith's Colle's fracture:
arm in fall position makes a 'C' shape.
Smith's fracture: arm in fall position makes a 'S' shape.
arm in fall position makes a 'C' shape.
Smith's fracture: arm in fall position makes a 'S' shape.
Femoral triangle: boundaries "So I May
Always Love Sally":
Superiorly: Inguinal ligament
Medially: Adductor longus
Laterally: Sartorius
Always Love Sally":
Superiorly: Inguinal ligament
Medially: Adductor longus
Laterally: Sartorius
Arm fractures: nerves affected by humerus fracture location
ARM fracture:
� From superior to inferior:
Axillary: head of humerus
Radial: mid shaft
Median: supracondular
ARM fracture:
� From superior to inferior:
Axillary: head of humerus
Radial: mid shaft
Median: supracondular
Extraocular muscles: movements "ObliqLiques cause
lateral rotation of eyeball":
� Obliques cause lateral, all other rectii are medial rotators of the eyeball.
Action of the obliques is opposite to their names.
Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names.
Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion.
lateral rotation of eyeball":
� Obliques cause lateral, all other rectii are medial rotators of the eyeball.
Action of the obliques is opposite to their names.
Action of the rectii is rightly fitting to their names.
Both superiors cause intorsion and both inferiors cause extorsion.
Cruciate ligaments: insertions PAMS APPLES:
Posterior [passes] Anterior [inserts] Medially.
Anterior [passes] Posteriorly [inserts] Laterally.
Posterior [passes] Anterior [inserts] Medially.
Anterior [passes] Posteriorly [inserts] Laterally.
Tibia: muscles of pes anserinus (the muscles attached to tibia's
medial side) "A Girl between Two Sargeants":
Gracilus is between
Sartorius and
Semitendonosus
medial side) "A Girl between Two Sargeants":
Gracilus is between
Sartorius and
Semitendonosus
Erector spinae muscles "I Like Standing":
� From lateral to medial
Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
� From lateral to medial
Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Lower limb peripheral nerve injurys "Drop into a
DEeP PIT and shuffle your way out":
Foot Drop results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis,
due to common Peroneal nerve lesion.
Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nerve
lesion, results in a shuffling gait.
DEeP PIT and shuffle your way out":
Foot Drop results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis,
due to common Peroneal nerve lesion.
Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nerve
lesion, results in a shuffling gait.
Genu valgum vs. genu vargum Genu valGUM (knock-knee):
knees are GUMmed together.
� Varum (bowleg) is the other by default, or Far rhymes with Var,
so knees are far apart.
knees are GUMmed together.
� Varum (bowleg) is the other by default, or Far rhymes with Var,
so knees are far apart.
Carpel bones "So Long To Pinky,
Here Comes The Thumb":
� Proximal row, lateral-to-medial, then distal row, medial-to-medial:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Hamate
Capate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Here Comes The Thumb":
� Proximal row, lateral-to-medial, then distal row, medial-to-medial:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Hamate
Capate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung "Astute
Anatomists Share Inside Secrets About Lungs":
Apicoposterior (S1+2)
Anterior (S3)
Superior (S4)
Inferior (S5)
Superior (S6)
Anteromedial basal (S7+8)
Lateral basal (S9)
Anatomists Share Inside Secrets About Lungs":
Apicoposterior (S1+2)
Anterior (S3)
Superior (S4)
Inferior (S5)
Superior (S6)
Anteromedial basal (S7+8)
Lateral basal (S9)
Vagal nerve: path into thorax Vagus nerve, unlike phrenic,
continues through diaphragm with esophagus--it is "Not Left Behind":
� The left vagus is anterior, right is posterior [behind].
continues through diaphragm with esophagus--it is "Not Left Behind":
� The left vagus is anterior, right is posterior [behind].
Atrioventricular valves "LAB RAT":
Left Atrium: Bicuspid
Right Atrium: Tricuspid
Left Atrium: Bicuspid
Right Atrium: Tricuspid
Cubital fossa contents MBBR:
� From medial to lateral:
Median nerve
Brachial artery
Biceps tendon
Radial nerve
� From medial to lateral:
Median nerve
Brachial artery
Biceps tendon
Radial nerve
Muscles: potentially absent ones � Muscles which may be
absent but may be important:
5 P's:
Palmaris longus [upper limb]
Plantaris [lower limb]
Peroneus tertius [lower limb]
Pyramidalis [anterior abdominal wall]
Psoas minor [posterior abdominal wall]
absent but may be important:
5 P's:
Palmaris longus [upper limb]
Plantaris [lower limb]
Peroneus tertius [lower limb]
Pyramidalis [anterior abdominal wall]
Psoas minor [posterior abdominal wall]
Brachial plexus: numbers of each section � It is the same
backwards and forwards:
5-3-2-3-5:
5 Rami
3 Trunks
2 Divisions
3 Cords
5 Terminal nerves
backwards and forwards:
5-3-2-3-5:
5 Rami
3 Trunks
2 Divisions
3 Cords
5 Terminal nerves
Carpal bones "These Things Can Happen.
Sensible Lovers Take Precautions":
� Distal to proximal:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Sensible Lovers Take Precautions":
� Distal to proximal:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Umbilical ligaments: contents IOU:
� From lateral to medial:
lateral umbilical ligament: Inferior epigastric vessels
medial unbilical ligament: Obliterated umbilical artery
median umbilical ligament: Urachus
� From lateral to medial:
lateral umbilical ligament: Inferior epigastric vessels
medial unbilical ligament: Obliterated umbilical artery
median umbilical ligament: Urachus
Vetebrae subtypes "Certain Doctors Luv
Saddling Coeds":
� From superior to inferior:
Cervical
Dorsal
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Saddling Coeds":
� From superior to inferior:
Cervical
Dorsal
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Leg: anterior muscles of leg "The Hospitals
Are Not Dirty Places":
T: Tibialis anterior
H: extensor Hallucis longus
A: anterior tibial Artery
N: deep fibular Nerve
D: extensor Digitorum longus
P: Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius]
Are Not Dirty Places":
T: Tibialis anterior
H: extensor Hallucis longus
A: anterior tibial Artery
N: deep fibular Nerve
D: extensor Digitorum longus
P: Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius]
Tarsal bones "Traverse City (is) Noted
(for) MIchigan's Lovely Cherries":
Talus
Calcaneus
(new row)
Navicular
(new row)
Medial Intermediate cuneiforms
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
(for) MIchigan's Lovely Cherries":
Talus
Calcaneus
(new row)
Navicular
(new row)
Medial Intermediate cuneiforms
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
Ear: bones of inner ear Take a Hammer: Malleus
Hit an Indian Elephant: Incus
It puts its foot in a stirrup: Stapes
� Describes the shape, and relative position (from out to in) of the inner ear
bones.
� Alternatively: "Mailing Includes Stamps".
Hit an Indian Elephant: Incus
It puts its foot in a stirrup: Stapes
� Describes the shape, and relative position (from out to in) of the inner ear
bones.
� Alternatively: "Mailing Includes Stamps".
Bowel components "Dublin Sisters Ceramic
Red Colored Jewelry Apparently Illegal":
� 2-4 letters of each component:
Duodenum
Sigmoid
Cecum
Rectum
Colon
Jejunum
Appendix
Ileum
Red Colored Jewelry Apparently Illegal":
� 2-4 letters of each component:
Duodenum
Sigmoid
Cecum
Rectum
Colon
Jejunum
Appendix
Ileum
Tarsal tunnel: contents "Tiny Dogs Are
Not Hunters":
� From superior to inferior:
T: Tibialis posterior
F: flexor Digitorum longus
A: posterior tibial Artery
N: tibial Nerve
H: flexor Hallucis longus
Not Hunters":
� From superior to inferior:
T: Tibialis posterior
F: flexor Digitorum longus
A: posterior tibial Artery
N: tibial Nerve
H: flexor Hallucis longus
Radial nerve: muscles innervated "Try A Big
Chocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip Cherries
And Peanuts Preferably Included":
� In order of their innervation, proximal to distal:
Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
ext. Carpi radialis longus
ext. Carpi radialis brevis
Supinator
ext. Digitorum
ext.Digiti minimi
ext. Carpi ulnaris
Abductor poll. longus
ext. Poll. brevis
ext. P poll. longus
ext. Indicis
� For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate and
chip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to the
longer of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext.
carpi radialis brevis)
Chocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip Cherries
And Peanuts Preferably Included":
� In order of their innervation, proximal to distal:
Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
ext. Carpi radialis longus
ext. Carpi radialis brevis
Supinator
ext. Digitorum
ext.Digiti minimi
ext. Carpi ulnaris
Abductor poll. longus
ext. Poll. brevis
ext. P poll. longus
ext. Indicis
� For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate and
chip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to the
longer of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext.
carpi radialis brevis)
Psoas major: innervation If you hit L2, 3, 4
Psoas gets sore!
Psoas gets sore!
Inferior vena cava tributaries "I Like To
Rise So High":
Illiacs
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic vein.
� Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.
Rise So High":
Illiacs
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic vein.
� Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.
Supination vs. pronation "SOUPination": Supination is
to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup.
"POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if
you are pouring out whatever is your bowl.
� Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing
downward, as if making a donation.
to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup.
"POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if
you are pouring out whatever is your bowl.
� Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing
downward, as if making a donation.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: causes TRAMP:
Trauma (occupational)
Rheumatiod arthritis
Acromegaly
Myxoedema
Pregnancy
� Alternatively: ARMPIT to include Idiopathic.
Trauma (occupational)
Rheumatiod arthritis
Acromegaly
Myxoedema
Pregnancy
� Alternatively: ARMPIT to include Idiopathic.
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